Section I - General Rules

Rule 1AS - Definitions

Definitions as used in these rules, unless otherwise defined:

Add On Fare - See "Arbitrary".

Administrative Service Charge means a nominal fee charged to cover costs involved in changing or refunding a passenger's ticket.

Adult means a person who has reached his/her 12th birthday as of the date of commencement of travel.

Africa means the area comprised of Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa, and the Indian Ocean Islands.

Agreed Stopping Place All stops between the original place of departure and the place of final destination scheduled by any carrier by air which participates in the transportation between such places, as shown in the schedules or timetables of such carriers shall constitute "agreed stopping places"; but each participating carrier reserves the right to alter the "agreed stopping places" in the case of necessity without thereby depriving the transportation of its international character. (Also referenced - International Transportation)

Agreement on Measures to Implement the IATA Intercarrier Agreement means the agreement entered into by members of IATA in order to implement the terms of the IIA.

Aircraft having seating capacity of 19 seats or less may include but is not limited to Metro SA 227, Piper Navajo, deHavilland Twin Otter, Beech 1900, Brittain Norman Islander, Cessna 206/207/208, and deHavilland Single Engine Otter.

Alaska means Alaska Airlines, Inc., its agents and its Substitute Service Carriers.

Animals include reptiles, birds, poultry, and fish.

Arbitrary means an amount published for use only in combination with other fares for the construction of through fares. It is also referred to as "Add on Fare", "Basing Fare", and "Proportional Fare".

Area 1 means all of the the North and South American continents, and the islands adjacent thereto; Greenland, Bermuda, the West Indies and the Caribbean Sea; the Hawaiian Islands (including Midway and Palmyra).

Area 2 means all of Europe (including all of Russia) and the islands adjacent thereto; Iceland; the Azores; all of Africa and the islands adjacent thereto; the Ascension Islands; that part of Asia lying west of and including Iran, Islamic Republic of.

Area 3 means all of Asia and the islands adjacent thereto except that portion included in Area 2; all of the East Indies, Australia, New Zealand, and the islands adjacent thereto; the islands of the Pacific Ocean except those included in Area 1.

AS means Alaska Airlines, Inc., its agents and its Substitute Service Carriers.

Australia means Australia, New Caledonia, New Herbridges, Fiji, Samoa, Cook Islands, Tahiti, and the islands adjacent thereto.

Baggage means such articles, effects and other personal property of a passenger as are necessary or appropriate for wear, use, comfort or convenience in connection with his/her trip. Unless otherwise specified, it shall include both checked and unchecked baggage of the passenger.

Baggage Check means those portions of the ticket which provide for the carriage of passenger's checked baggage and which are issued by carrier as a receipt for passenger's checked baggage.

Baggage Tag means a document issued by a carrier solely for identification of checked baggage. The baggage (strap) tag portion of which is attached by carrier to a particular article of checked baggage and the baggage (claim) tag portion of which is given to the passenger.

Banker's Buying Rate means the rate of which, for the purpose of the transfer of funds through banking channels (i.e. other than transaction in bank notes, travelers cheques and similar banking instruments), a bank will purchase a given amount of foreign currency in exchange for one unit(s) of the national currency of the country in which the exchange transaction takes place.

Banker's Selling Rate means the rate at which, for the purpose of transfer of funds through banking channels (i.e. other than transaction in bank notes, travelers cheques and similar banking instruments), a bank will sell a given amount of foreign currency in exchange for one unit(s) of the national currency of the country in which the exchange transaction takes place.

Basing Fare - see "Arbitraries".

British Virgin Islands means the islands of Tortola and Virgin.

Calendar month: Period of time starting with any day in a month, identified by number, and ending with the same day of the following month. When the same day does not occur in the following month this period ends on the last day of that month.

Calendar week: Period of seven days starting at 12:01 a.m. Sunday and ending at 12:00 p.m. of the following Saturday; provided that when a carrier offers only once a week service between two points, it shall mean a period of eight days commencing with 12:01 a.m. on the day the flight operates.

Caribbean Area means the area comprising Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Bermuda, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Barthelemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands.

Carriage: Which is equivalent to transportation, means carriage of passengers and/or baggage by air, gratuitously or for hire.

Carrier means any air carrier shown as a participant in this tariff.

Central Africa means the area comprising Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Central America means the area comprising Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

Checked Baggage which is equivalent to registered luggage, means baggage of which the carrier takes sole custody and for which carrier has issued a baggage check and baggage (claim) tag(s).

Child means a person who has reached his/her second birthday but not his/her 12th birthday as of the date of commencement of travel.

Circle Trip means any trip, the ultimate destination of which is the point of origin, but which includes a stop at at least one other point, and which is not made via the same routing in both directions. No more than 2 stopovers may be made in the fare construction. Two stopovers means one stopover in addition to the stop permitted at the outward destination.

Combination means when two or more one way or round trip or half round trip fares are used and shown separately in a fare calculation.

Conjunction Ticket means two or more tickets concurrently issued to a passenger and which together constitute a single contract of carriage.

Consequential Damages means damages which are reasonable out of pocket expenses and other provable damages incurred by a passenger as the consequence of the loss, damage, or delay in the delivery of such personal property.

Constructed Fare means an unspecified through fare is created by the use of add-on amount or two or more fares shown as a single amount in a fare calculation.

Continental United States means the District of Columbia and all states of the United States other than Alaska and Hawaii.

Convention means the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw, October 12, 1929, or that convention as amended by The Hague protocol, 1955 whichever may be applicable to the carriage hereunder.

Country of Commencement of Transportation means the country from which travel on the first international sector takes place.

Country of Payment means the country where payment is made by the purchaser to the airline or its agent; payment by cheque, credit card or other banking instruments shall be deemed to have been made at the place where such instrument is accepted by the airline or its agent.

Currency of the Country of Payment means the currency in which international fares from that country are denominated.

Date of Transaction means the date of issuance of the ticket, MCO or PTA.

Days means full calendar days, including Sundays and legal holidays; provided that for the purposes of notification the balance of the day upon which notice is dispatched shall not be counted; and that for purposes of determining duration of validity, the balance of the day upon which the ticket is issued or flight commenced shall not be counted.

Destination means the ultimate destination of the passenger's journey as shown on the ticket.

Direct Route Fare means the fare over the direct route between two points. When no direct route fare exists between two ticketed points a fare must be established by combination over a ticketed point on the itinerary.

Domestic Carriage means (except as otherwise specified) carriage in which, according to the contract of carriage, the place of departure, the place of destination or stopover, and the entire transportation are within the sovereign state.

DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations means the hazardous materials regulations issued by the materials transportation bureau of the Department of Transportation in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 171 through 177 (49 CFR 171-177).

Double Open Jaw means travel which is essentially of a round trip nature, except that the outward point of arrival and the inward point of departure and/or the outward point of departure and the inward point of arrival are not the same.

East Africa means the area comprising Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Eastbound means travel from a point in Area no. 1 To a point in Areas no. 2 or 3 via the Atlantic Ocean or travel from point in Areas no. 2 or 3 to a point in Area 1 via the Pacific Ocean.

Educational Establishment means a school-academy-college or university offering full time educational-vocational or technical courses for a school year and does not include a commercial office, industrial or military establishment or a hospital at which a student is serving an apprenticeship unless such apprenticeship is part of the school curriculum of the educational establishment at which the student is enrolled.

End on End Combination means combination of two or more fares at a fare construction point (not applicable to combination of fares between the same point)

Endorsement: The transfer of authority required when a passenger with an international ticket wished to rebook to a carrier other than the carrier shown on the ticket.

Europe means the area comprising Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madeira, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey in Europe and Asia, United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia.

Fare Break Point: See "Fare Construction Points".

Fare Component means a portion of an itinerary between two consecutive fare construction points. The point of origin and the point of destination of the journey are fare construction points.

Fare Construction Points means the terminal points of a fare component, these are also referred to as "Fare Break Points".

Flight Coupon means a portion of the passenger's ticket that indicates particular places between which the coupon is good for carriage.

Foreign Air Transportation means transportation between a point in the United States and a point outside thereof.

French Gold Francs means the Francs consisting 65.5 milligrams of gold with a fineness of nine hundred thousandths.

Full Adult Fare means the one-way fares designated by fare class codes F or Y whether specifically published or derived by construction.

Gateway means the first point of arrival/last point of departure in a country/area.

Guardian means a legal guardian or a person acting in lieu of parents in the event of death or legal incapacity of parents.

IATA - see International Air Transport Association.

IATA Intercarrier Agreement on Passenger Liability means the agreement entered into by members of IATA on October 32, 1995, in order to take action to waive the limitation on recoverable compensatory damages in Article 22 Paragraph 1 of the Warsaw Convention as to claims for death, wounding or other bodily injury of a passenger within the meaning of Article 17 of the convention.

IATA Rate of Exchange means the rate of exchange notified by IATA quarterly to convert local currency fares to a Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) and to convert total NUC amounts to the currency of the country of commencement of transportation.

Iberian Peninsula means the area comprising Gibraltar, Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), and Spain (including Canary Islands).

IIA - see IATA Intercarrier Agreement on Passenger Liability.

Immediate Family means spouse, children, step-children, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, grandchildren, brothers, step-brothers, sisters, step-sisters, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, parents, step-parents, fathers-in-law, mothers-in-law, and grandparents.

Inclusive Tour - An officially published tour in which land arrangements are offered at a flat rate. Land arrangements include hotels or other sleeping accommodations, airport transfers, and at least one other tour feature such as car rentals, sightseeing, motor coach trips, or other tourist services. Such official inclusive tours must contain an IT number - the code designated on an inclusive tour folder that indicates that the tour has been approved by the ATC/IATA.

Inclusive Tour Fare - Round/circle/open-jaw trip fares offered in conjunction with the purchase of a minimum land package which must be officially designated as an inclusive tour by the ATC/IATA.

Indian Ocean Islands means Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion, and Seychelles.

Indian Subcontinent means the area comprised of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Indirect Route means any scheduled continuous air route other than a direct route.

Infant means a person who has not reached his/her second birthday as of the date of commencement of travel.

Interchange Flight means a flight operated over the routes of two or more carriers without change of equipment.

Military Agencies means departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard; the Academies of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard; and the National Guard. The Reserve Officer Training Corps is not included.

Military Passenger means military personnel of the U.S. military agencies who are on active duty status or persons who have been discharged from active military service within seven days of the date of travel.

Miscellaneous Charges Order means a document issued by a carrier or its agents requesting issue of an appropriate passenger ticket and baggage check or provision of services to the person named in such document.

Month (Gregorian calendar month) A period of time starting with any date and ending with the same day of the following month. When the same day does not occur in the following month, this period ends on the last day of that month.

National means a person who has the citizenship of a country either by birth or by naturalization.

Netherlands Antilles means the islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curio.

Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) means the unit value equivalent of local currency fares, add-ons and related charges derived by converting same using the IATA rate of exchange.

Normal Fare means the full fare established for a regular or usual service, the application of which is not dependent upon any limited period of ticket validity or other special circumstances. Unless otherwise specified in the provisions of this tariff, normal fares shall be considered to include the following, all year one-way, round trip, circle trip and open

jaw trips, first class, business class, executive class, economy class, one-class standard service, standard service, tourist/coach class service and thrift class service fares, on-season and off-season fares.

North America means that area comprised of the Caribbean area, Canada, Mexico, and the United States, excluding the Canal Zone.

North Central Pacific means all routes between points in Canada/U.S.A. on the one hand and points in area 2 and 3 except points in Africa and the Southwest Pacific, on the other hand via the Pacific Ocean.

Off Peak means the service on flights listed in AS's official general schedules as off-peak.

One-Way means travel which is not a complete round or circle trip.

On-line means air transportation wholly on the same carrier or, in case of substitute service carrier under the same 2-letter OAG designator.

On-line Tariff Database means the remotely accessible, on-line version, maintained by the filer, of (1) the electronically filed tariff data submitted to the "Official D.O.T. Tariff Database," and (2) the departmental approvals, disapprovals and other actions, as well as departmental notations concerning such approvals, disapprovals or other actions, that subpart w of the proposed Part 221 requires the filer to maintain in its database. The term "Official D.O.T. Tariff Database" means those data records (as set forth in sections 221.283 and 221.286 of the rule) which would be in the custody of, and maintained by the Department of Transportation.

Online Transfer Point means any point at which the passenger transfers from one service of a carrier to another service of the same carrier bearing a different flight number.

Open-Jaw Trip means travel that is essentially of a round-trip nature except that the outward point of arrival and the inward point of departure are not the same or the outward point of departure and the inward point of arrival are not the same. Open jaws are allowed when the mileage between the open-jaw points is equal to or less than the mileage of the shortest sector flown. The inward point of arrival and the outward point of departure on an open jaw are considered 2 stopovers. Example of open-jaw trip: point 1 to point 2 to point 3 originating flight means the flight(s) from point of origin to the first stopover point as shown on a passengers ticket.

Other Charges means charges such as taxes, fees, etc not to be shown in the fare construction box of the ticket excluding excess baggage charges.

Outward Destination means the point of stopover on the passenger's itinerary to which the highest normal one-way full adult first class or coach fare applies via the passenger's route of movement from passenger's point of origin. When the fares between the passenger's point of origin on the one hand and the first and second points of stopover on the other hand are equal, the outward destination shall be the passenger's last point of stopover.

Passenger means any person, except members of the crew, carried or to be carried in an aircraft with the consent of carrier.

Passenger Coupon means that portion of the passenger ticket constituting the passenger's written evidence of the contract of carriage.

Passenger Ticket means those portions of the ticket issued by the carrier that provide for the carriage of the passenger.

Prepaid Ticket Advice means the notification that a person in one location has purchased and requested issuance of prepaid transportation to another person in another location.

Proportional Fare - see "Arbitrary".

Rate of Exchange (ROE) is the rate based on the IATA Clearing House Rate which will be revised at least 4 times yearly and is to be used for conversion of local currency fares to NUC's and vise versa.

Rebooking means change in date/time of reservation or other change not requiring ticket reissuance.

Reissue means any change to a validated ticket requiring a replacement ticket be issued, including but not limited to the following: upgrade, downgrade, additional coupons, increase in fare.

Related Charges means those charges to be shown in the fare construction box of the ticket and excess baggage charges.

Reroute means a change of routing, fare, carriers, class of service, flight, or date from that originally provided for on the ticket. (Not applicable to open tickets.)

Rerouting means a change of routing or other changes which require ticket issuance.

Resident means a person normally living in a country; provided that a more restricted definition may form part of an agreement reached locally.

Revalidation means any change in reservations of flight which can be made on the ticket with a revalidation sticker/stamp evidencing that it has been officially altered.

Round the World means travel in the same general global direction from the point of origin and return via both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

Round Trip (RT) means any trip, the ultimate destination of which is the point of origin, and which is made via the same routing in both directions. Reservations for all segments of a trip for tickets issued at round trip fares must be confirmed in the same-single-PNR.

Routing means the carrier(s) and/or the cities and/or class of service and/or type of aircraft (jet or propeller) via which transportation is provided between two points.

Scandinavia means the area comprising Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Schedule Change -

1. The cancellation of a scheduled flight where no AS flight of comparable routing is available within 60 minutes of the original time of departure; or
2. A change in the scheduled departure time of an AS flight which exceeds 60 minutes; or
3. A change in the routing of a scheduled AS flight which adds one or more stops to the original itinerary; or
4. A change in the routing of an AS scheduled flight that results in a scheduled arrival time more than 60 minutes later than the original scheduled arrival time; or
5. Any change in the arrival time of an AS flight that results in a misconnection to any flight shown in the same reservation and ticket.

School Year means a period of 12 consecutive months less whatever interruptions for vacations are normally granted by the education establishment at which the student is enrolled; provided that where the official scholastic year is less than 12 months, "school year" shall mean not less than a 6 month period less whatever interruptions for vacations are normally granted at the educational establishment at which the student is enrolled.

Sector - The portion of travel between 2 fare break points as determined in the fare construction. Sectors are made up of one or more segments of legs.

Segment means that part of a journey from a passenger's boarding point to a deplaning point. Each flight coupon represents a segment of a trip.

Single operation: Transportation to be performed by several successive carriers by air, arrangements for which are made in advance, is regarded as "a single operation" and shall be deemed to be "one undivided transportation" whether one or more tickets or other documents are issued to cover such transportation, and whether or not all such tickets or documents are issued prior to the commencement of such transportation; but this provision shall not be deemed to contain an exclusive definition of transportation which is regarded by the parties as "a single operation". (Also referenced - International Transportation.)

SITI means the sale and ticket issuance are both in the country of commencement of transportation.

SITO means the sale is made in the country of commencement of transportation and the ticket issuance is outside the country of commencement of transportation.

SOTI means the sale is made outside the country of commencement of transportation and the ticket issuance is in the country of commencement of transportation.

SOTO means the sale and ticket issuance are both outside the country of commencement of transportation.

South America means the area comprising Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chili, Columbia, Ecuador, French Guinea, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

South East Asia means the area comprising Brunei, Cambodia, China (Peoples Republic of), Guam, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolian Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.

South Pacific means the area comprising of all routes between points in the U.S.A./Canada on the one hand and points in the Southwest Pacific on the other hand via the Pacific Ocean.

Southern Africa means the points within Africa, comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nanibia-Southwest Africa, South Africa, and Swaziland.

Southwest Pacific means the area comprising Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji Islands, French Polynesia, Gilbert and Elise Islands, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, New Herbridges, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoan Islands, Society Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and the intermediate islands.

Special Drawing Right means a special unit currency, the currency values of which fluctuate and are recalculated each banking day. These values are known to most commercial banks and are reported in some newspapers and in the IMF survey, published weekly by the International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. 20431.

Special Fare means a fare other than a normal fare.

Standby Passengers means passengers who will be enplaned on a flight subject to availability of space at departure time and only after all passengers having reservations for such flight and all passengers without reservations but paying fares other than adult standby fares, have been enplaned on such flight.

Stopover means a deliberate interruption of a journey by the passenger, agreed to in advance by AS, at a point between the place of departure and the place of destination. Furthermore, a stopover will be deemed to occur at an intermediate point from which the passenger is not scheduled to depart on the date of arrival. If there is no connecting departure scheduled on the date arrival, departure on the next day within 24 hours of arrival shall not constitute a stopover. If a portion of the routing is traveled by surface transportation, one stopover shall be deemed to have been taken for such portion.

Substitute Service Flights means a flight operated under an arrangement between Alaska and a carrier which allows the carrier to provide service by flying under the 2-letter OAG designator of Alaska (AS). Alaska has Substitute Service Agreements with carriers as follows:
 

Substitute Service Carrier	AS Flights Series
American Airlines	1000-1099
American Eagle	3200-3499
Canadian Airlines International	6500-6599
Continental Airlines	3000-3199
Era Aviation, Inc.	4800-4899
Harbor Airlines, Inc.	4500-4599
Horizon Air, Inc.	2000-2999
Northwest Airlines	5000-5999
Peninsula Airways, Inc.	4200-4299

Surface Sector means a sector between two intermediate points of a fare component where travel is via other than air transportation in the case of a mileage fare, the ticketed point mileage between the origin and the destination of the surface sector is included in the TPM calculation of the through fare component. In the case of a routing fare, both the origin and destination points of the surface sector should be on the specified routing. The fare over the surface sector is covered by the through fare component.

Through Fare means a fare applicable for travel between two consecutive fare construction points via an intermediate point(s).

Ticket: The passenger ticket and baggage check including all flight passenger and other coupons therein, issued by carriers, which provide for the carriage or the passenger and his/her baggage.

Ticketed Point means any point shown in the "good for passage" sector of the passenger ticket plus any other point(s) used for fare construction and shown in the "fare construction box" of the passenger ticket; provided that two flight numbers of two carriers such as for an interchange flight will not be permitted on one flight coupon.

Ticketed Point Mileage (TPM) means the distance between pairs of points published in the ticketed point mileage manual, using non-stop sector mileages.

Transatlantic Sector means that portion of travel covered by a single flight coupon from the point of departure in Area no. 1 To the point of arrival in Area no. 2, and vise versa, via the Atlantic Ocean.

Transfer means a change from the flight on one carrier to the flight of another carrier; or a change from the flight of a carrier to another flight of the same carrier bearing the same flight number; or a change from the flight of a carrier to another flight (that is) a service bearing a different flight number of the same carrier, irrespective of whether or not a change of aircraft occurs.

Transfer Point means any point at which the passenger transfers from the services of one carrier to another service of the same carrier (bearing a different flight number) or to the service of another carrier.

Transit Passengers are those onboard a flight at an enroute stop, or connecting passenger with a stopover, to/from other scheduled flights.

Transit Point means any stop at an intermediate point on the route to be traveled (whether or not a change of planes is made) which does not fall within the definition of a stopover.

Trust Territory means the area comprising the Caroline islands, Mariana Islands and Marshall Islands.

Unchecked Baggage which is equivalent to hand luggage, is baggage other than checked baggage.

United Kingdom or U.K. means the area comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

United States of America means the 50 federated states and the district of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Canal Zone, Guam, Midway, and Wake Islands.

United States Department of Defense means the U.S. Department of the Army, Navy, and Air Force and the U.S. Marine Corps.

U.S. Territories means the overseas territories of the United States of America including: American Samoa, Baker Islands, Guam, Holland Island, Jars Island, Johnston Atoll, Kinsman Reef, Midway Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Pacific Trust Territories, Palmary Island, Panama Canal Zone, Puerto Rico, Saipan, Swains Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Islands.

Validate means to stamp or write on the passenger ticket an indication that the passenger ticket has been officially issued by carrier.

Waitlist means a list, established by an airline, of passengers who are either seeking space on a flight that is sold out, or traveling on a standby basis/standby fare that does not permit boarding a particular flight until all passengers with confirmed reservations have been boarded.

Week (calendar week) means a period of 7 days starting at 12:01 a.m. Sunday and ending at 12:00 midnight of the following Saturday; provided that when a carrier offers only once a week service between two points, it shall mean a period of eight days commencing with 12:01 a.m. on the day the flight operates.

Westbound means travel from a point in Area nos. 2 and 3 to a point in Area no. 1 via the Atlantic Ocean or travel from a point in Area no. 1 to a point in Area nos. 2 Or 3 via the Pacific Ocean.

West Coast means the U.S.A. states of Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Montana, Idaho, Utah, and Alaska.

Western Africa means the area comprising Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Principe, Sao Tome, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tongo, and Zaire.

Western Hemisphere means the United States of America, Canada, Greenland, Mexico, Central and South America, Bermuda, Bahamas, and the islands of the Caribbean Sea.

Windward Islands means the islands of Caribou, Dominica, Grenada, Mastic, Palm Islands, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Union Island.